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- 1. *ʔa: pc. of plurality
- 2. *ʔa: 'become, be'
- 2a. *ʔA: a marker of the male sex (“ '(young) man')
> IE: one of the sources of NaIE *-o- \ -e (nom. *-o-s, voc. *-e),
sx. of derived adjectives, masc.
- 3. *ʔe (~ ? *ʔä) - 'not'
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- 4. *ʔaʔ∇ ['a'a] - 'женщина', показатель женского рода
> IE: NaIE *-a, окончание ж.р.
- 5. *ʔaba ~ ʔap’a: 'daddy, father'
- 6. *ʔoH2b∇ (= ʔohb∇ ?) [oheba] - 'clan'
> IE: NaIE *epi- 'friend'
- 7. *ʔabH∇: 'вода, watercourse'
> IE: NaIE *ab-*a(:)p- 'river'
- 8. *ʔibre: 'fig tree'
- 9. *ʔ∇c’|t’λ∇ħ∇
- 'back (dorsum)'
- 10. *ʔac’'P∇: '? leaf-bearing tree' ('aspen' или the like)
> IE: NaIE *a+osp-*a+ops- 'aspen'
- 11. *ʔat’λ∇
- 'low place, depression, wadi, pond'
- 12. *ʔad∇ (= *cad∇ ?) - 'нога'
- 13. *ʔûHd∇(R∇): 'breast'
> IE: NaIE *oud?- \ *ud?- 'female breast, mammilla'
- 13a. *ʔüχ|γd∇
(или *ʔuħd∇ ?) - 'один'
> IE: NaIE *°ed[?]- in Sl *ed-va 'hardly, only just' and *ed-in *ed-?n? 'one'
- 14. *ʔediN∇: 'pater familias' (или 'owner'?)
> IE: NaIE *°ed?no-('? clan'?) или cd. *sw-ed?no- ('? one’s own clan')
- 15. *ʔaga: 'uncle, elder person'
- 15a. *ʔæg∇R∇: '? bone of the leg\foot'
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- 16. *ʔaha: 'thing(s)', collective pc. of inanimate ('? de ?a')
> IE *-h (> NaIE *-? and AnIE *-a), ending of pl. ntr. (nom./accus.)
- 17. *ʔakê: 'to chase, to drive away, to take away'
> IE: NaIE *ag- 'drive'
- 18. *ʔäka: 'be evil, hate'
> IE *?o+ag- (или *?o+ag-?), *?+?o+agos 'pain, ache', 'evil'
- 19. *ʔokE (= *ʔokü) - 'self' (‘ 'myself')
> IE *?eghV-m \ *?egoh 'I'
- 20. *ʔoKâL∇: '? to eat'
- 21. *ʔaK’a: 'elder relative, grandfather'
- 22. *ʔäla: pc. of prohibition and categorical negation
- 23. *ʔel∇: 'clan, tribe' (‘ 'all', prn. of plurality)
> IE *?ol- > *ol-yo-, *ol-no- (*'everybody' ‘) 'whole, all, each'
- 24. *ʔEλA: dem. prn. of collectivity (connected with 'clan, tribe'?) -
an alternative reconstruction instead of 1249 (, analytical marker of collectivity)
- 25. *ʔêl∇: 'deer' (and 'mountain goat')
> IE *?+hel-n- 'deer'
- 26. *ʔilA: 'stand still, stay; place to stay'
> IE *?el? (или *x+hel) *{?}il- > NaIE *el?, *el-, *il- v. 'rest, stillstehen'
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- 27. *ʔil-∇: 'eye'
>IE: Clt: OW {Flr.} ail 'eyebrow', Wael 'supercilium, ora'
- 28. *ʔol-∇: 'that (visible)'
> IE: NaIE *ol- 'that (remote)'
- 29. *ʔoL∇
(или *ʔol-∇) - 'bough, hook' (‘ 'hang on a hook')
- 30. *ʔ: 'soil, foundation, earth'
- 31. *ʔ: 'расти'
> IE *?leud?- \ *?loud?- \ *?lud?- 'grow'
- 32. *ʔ: '? дерево' ('elm' или the like)
> IE: NaIE *lmo- 'elm'
- 33. *ʔ: 'еда'
> IE *?al- (или *?el-NaIE *al-) v. 'feed, nourish'
- 34. *ʔ: 'hut'
- 35. *ʔ: 'cold (K?lte)'
> IE: NaIE *alg?- 'cold'
- 36. *ʔ: dem. prn. ('iste'?), 'now'
- 37. *ʔ: 'мать'
(the most probable source of the fem. ending of pronouns in B, Eg and Ch)
- 38. *ʔ: 'seize, hold' (‘ 'take')
> IE *{?}em- \ *{?}?m- v. 'take, get'
- 39. *ʔ: 'kin, clan, любой'
> IE *?+?om- 'every'
- 40. *ʔ: 'сухой, thirst(y)'
- 41. *ʔ: '? волк'
- 42. *ʔ (или - 'утро, дневной свет'
> IE *?+?xam(e)r \ *?+?xam-n- 'day'
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- 43. *ʔ: 'burn' (intr.), 'сиять, сверкать', 'dawn'
> IE *?+?xam(e)r \ *?+?xam-n 'day'
- 44. *ʔ: 'flesh, мясо'
> IE: NaIE *mems- 'meat'
- 45. *ʔ: 'место' ([in daughter-lgs.] ‘ 'in')
> IE *?en\ *n, *?eni 'inside'; 'in, into'
- 46. *ʔ: 'self, the same'
- 47. *ʔ: 'ничего'
- 48. *ʔ: 'пища'
- 49. *ʔ: '? дружески, любезно, полезно'
> IE: NaIE *ans- v. 'be favourable'
- 50. *ʔ: 'человек, мужчина'
- 51. *ʔ: 'he', relative 'he who, that which'
> IE *-ent- \ *-ont-, sx. of participles
- 52. *ʔ: '? snake'
> IE: NaIE *angW?i-*angWi- 'snake'
- 53. *ʔ: 'marrow, brain, soft fat of animals' (‘ 'to smear, to anoint') -
a variant rec. of a N word instead of 2600a: * * o) 'marrow, brain, soft fat of animals' (which is more plausible)
- 54. *ʔ: 'chin'
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- 55. *ʔ: '? breathe'
> IE *?+?xan?- (> NaIE *an?-) v. 'breathe'
- 56. *ʔ: 'to open', 'opening' (esp. 'mouth'), 'entrance'
> IE: NaIE *°{a}ng[?]- > Lt anga 'opening, aperture, orifice'
- 57. *ʔ: 'to pant, to sigh, to groan'
> IE: NaIE *enk- \ *onk- v. 'sigh, groan'
- 58. *ʔ: 'take, seize'
> IE *{?}ep- > Ht ep(p)- \ap(p)- v. 'take, seize, grab, pick, capture',
NaIE *?p- \ *ep- '? touch, hold'
- 59. *ʔ: 'mouth' (‘ 'speak')
- 60. *ʔ: '? powder, dust, small pieces of dirt'
- 61. *ʔ: 'monkey'
> IE: a word reconstructible as NaIE {P} *abo (n)- 'обезьяна', but most probably spread by borrowing
- 62. *ʔ: 'bake, cook food on hot stones'
> IE: *?+?ep?- v. 'cook, bake'
- 63. *ʔ: 'thing(s)' and prn.\n. of plurality
- 64. *ʔ: 'night, dark hours'
> IE *°?eu?- \ *?we?- \ *?wo?- >
NaIE *au- \ *?we- \ *?wo- v. 'spend the night (?bernachten), sleep'
- 65. *ʔ: 'earth, land, place'
> IE: *{?}er- 'earth', NaIE *aro- 'open space'
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- 66. *ʔ: 'member of one’s clan\family'
> IE *?aro-*?aryo- 'member of one’s own ethnic group' (‘ 'freeman')
> NaIE *aryo- id.,
Ht ara - 'member of one’s own ethnic group, peer, companion, friend'
- 67. *ʔ: 'to divide; one share, one, single'
- 68. *ʔ (или - 'drink, swallow'
- 69. *ʔ: 'to gather' (‘ 'everybody belonging to…', 'clan, relatives; multitude')
> IE: NaIE *wer- \ *wr- 'multitude, group of people, troop'
- 70. *ʔ: 'белка'
> IE: NaIE *wer- (and rdp.: *werwer-,
as well as post-IE variants in daughter-lgs.: *wewer-, *waiwer-, *wi[:]wer-) '? ʔ'
- 71. *ʔ: theme-focalizing (topicalizing) pc. (see 1953: V V])
> IE: nom.-accus. ending *-r in heteroclitic nouns.
- 72. *ʔ: 'towards' (‘ 'in'?)
> IE: NaIE *-r, locative sx. in adverbs
- 72a. *ʔ: 'drag, pull, push'
- 73. *ʔ (или - 'light (lux), fire'
- 74. *ʔ: 'entrails'
> IE: NaIE {P} *oreu- \ *?reu- 'gut'
- 75. *ʔ: '? ruminant'
> IE: NaIE *er-?*eri- '? ruminant'
- 76. *ʔ: 'path, way'
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- 77. *ʔ: 'to lie in ambush, to scheme evil to so.', ' to use magic tools';
an alt. et.: N *∇∇ 'make magic'
- 78. *ʔ (или - 'trace' (‘ 'sign', 'choose')
- 79. *ʔ (или - 'see, observe'
> IE: NaIE *re(:)g- id.
- 80. *ʔ: 'upper part of a limb'
> IE: NaIE *ar?mo- \ *rmo- 'arm'
- 81. *ʔ: 'antelope, deer, mountain goat'
- 82. *ʔ: 'top'
> IE: Ht aru- 'high' (? N 'go upwards, rise') NaIE *wer- 'knob'
- 83. *ʔ: 'large feline'
- 84. *ʔ: 'stay, be'
> IE *?es- \ *?s- > NaIE *es- \ *s- v. 'be'
- 85. *ʔ (или - 'to sit', 'seat (the part of the body that bears the weight in sitting)'
> IE *?es- v. 'be seated'
- 86. *ʔ: 'fire'
- 87. *ʔ: 'they' > IE:
[1] *-es (< **-?es), nom. pl. com. of nominal parts of speech and participles,
[2] *-n-s (< *-m accus. + *-s pl.), accus. pl. com. (of nominal parts of speech and participles),
NaIE *-n-s acc. pl . m./f. of consonantic stems
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- 88. *ʔ: 'to sweep, to rake'
- 89. *ʔ: 'wild boar'
> IE: NaIE *su-s, *su?w-os '(wild o r domesticated) pig'
- 90. *ʔ: 'female, woman' (‘ HS marker of fem. in nouns & verbs)
- 91. *ʔ: 'eat'
> IE *?ed- v. 'eat'IE *dont-, *?dont- \ *?dnt- 'tooth'
- 92. *ʔ: 'come','walk'
> IE: NaIE *°a+e+ot- 'go, walk'
- 93. *ʔ: 'day, noon'
- 93a. *ʔ: 'make' (‘ causativizing morpheme)
- 94. *ʔ: 'reach, obtain'
- 95. *ʔ (или - 'heavy', ‘ 'difficult'
- 96. *ʔ: 'whether?' (pc. of general question), 'or'
> IE: NaIE *0au 'or', *we(:) \ *u 'whether?', 'or'
- 97. *ʔ: 'island, seashore'
> IE: NaIE *°ouyo- > Gmc *awja- 'island'
- 98. *ʔ: 'egg' (или 'white of egg')
> IE: NaIE *ou(y)o- 'egg'
- 99. *ʔ: 'say, speak, call'
> IE: NaIE*ai- '? say, speak'
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- 99. *ʔ: 'say, speak, call'
> IE: NaIE*ai- '? say, speak'
- 100. *ʔ: 'mother' (‘ 'female', a marker of the fem. [sex or grammatical gender])
>IE: pGmc *aiT? 'mother' (from a N или pre-IE nominal phrase);
NaIE *-?, *-?-, a nominal sx. of fem.
- 101. *ʔ: 'which?', 'what?'
- 102. *ʔ: 'come, arrive'
> IE *?ei- \ *?i- v. 'go'
- 103. *ʔ: 'thorn, hook' (‘ 'tooth')
- 104. *ʔ: 'throat; to swallow'
> IE *?+ho?+hw(e)s- или *?+how?+h(e)s- 'mouth'
- 105. *ʔS: 'hear', (‘?) 'ear'
> IE *?+?ous- \ *?+?us- 'ear'
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